عنوان مقاله
مه به عنوان منبع آب شیرین: بررسی اجمالی و چشم اندازها
فهرست مطالب
مقدمه
پروژه های جمع آوری مه آب فعلی و پیشین
طرح و برنامه زمانی پروژه
ابعاد خاص
چشم اندازهای آینده
بخشی از مقاله
ملاحظات فنی
جمع آوری مه آب یک تکنولوژی ساده است. یک فیلتر ی صافی در معرض تمسفر قرار گرفته و مه توسط باد به درون آن رانده می شود. بخشی از قطرات و ذرات مه روی صافی تحت فرایند فشردگی رسوب می کنند. با ورود بیشتر قطرات مه، این قطرات با هم ترکیب شده و ایجاد قطرات بزرگ تری می کنند که به درون ناودان های ابراهه ای جریان یافته و در نهایت به درون مخزن ذخیره ای وارد می شوند. از نظر شکل و اندازه و نیز مواد مورد استفاده در آن بین سیستم های جمع آوری کننده آب تفاوت های اساسی وجود دارد.
کلمات کلیدی:
Fog as a Fresh-Water Resource: Overview and Perspectives Otto Klemm, Robert S. Schemenauer, Anne Lummerich, Pilar Cereceda, Victoria Marzol, David Corell, Johan van Heerden, Dirk Reinhard, Tseggai Gherezghiher, Jana Olivier, Pablo Osses, Jamal Sarsour, Ernst Frost, Marı´a J. Estrela, Jose´ A. Valiente, Gebregiorgis Mussie Fessehaye Received: 12 May 2011 / Revised: 6 October 2011 / Accepted: 22 December 2011 / Published online: 12 February 2012 Abstract The collection of fog water is a simple and sustainable technology to obtain fresh water for afforestation, gardening, and as a drinking water source for human and animal consumption. In regions where fresh water is sparse and fog frequently occurs, it is feasible to set up a passive mesh system for fog water collection. The mesh is directly exposed to the atmosphere, and the foggy air is pushed through the mesh by the wind. Fog droplets are deposited on the mesh, combine to form larger droplets, and run down passing into a storage tank. Fog water collection rates vary dramatically from site to site but yearly averages from 3 to 10 l m-2 of mesh per day are typical of operational projects. The scope of this article is to review fog collection projects worldwide, to analyze factors of success, and to evaluate the prospects of this technology. Keywords Fog collection Large fog collector Standard fog collector Sustainability Water resource INTRODUCTION The collection of fog for the purpose of the production of clean water has attracted increasing attention over the past few decades. It is a simple and sustainable technology with the potential to produce precious water in some regions of the world. It is achieved by exposure of mesh material to foggy air masses. There are numerous projects on five continents to collect fog water, of which some are more successful than others. The beneficiaries are often poor people, although successful projects also exist in more prosperous regions. A tri-annual international conference series on fog, fog collection, and dew, since 1998 (http:// www.fogquest.org/conferences.html), brings together scientific findings and users of the technique. The scope of this review is to synthesize the current understanding of fog collection and to analyze its potential and limitations for future development. In a sense, this is a follow-up contribution of a summary presented 20 years ago in Ambio (Schemenauer and Cereceda 1991). Note that the science of fog physics, chemistry, and its role in the hydrological cycle, which extends to a much wider climatic range than the ‘‘fog collection’’ addressed here, is not within the focus of this article. CL
