عنوان مقاله
بررسی تجربی توسعه سیستم نوآوری خورشیدی در امارات متحده عربی
فهرست مطالب
مقدمه
سیستم های نوآوری به عنوان چارچوب مفهومی
آنالیز ساختاری سیستم نوآوری خورشیدیUAE
آنالیز عاملی یا تابعی سیستم نوآوری خورشیدیUAE
نتیجه گیری
بخشی از مقاله
شبکه ها
Masdar نیروی محرکی در جریان توسعه صنعت انرژی خورشیدی درUAE به شمار می رود. با این حال مصاحبه های انجام شده حاکی از آن است که تعامل و هماهنگی محدودی بین بازیگران مختلف سیستم نوآوری وجود دارد. به همین خاطر تصمیمات استراتژیک در رابطه با توسعه صنعت، فاقد شفافیت لازم می باشند. در تلاش برای ایجاد پل بین کمبود ارتباطات و هماهنگی، تحت راهنمایی اولیه موسسهMasdar ، گروهی از شرکت های محلی در اواخر سال 2009 گرد هم آمده و یک موسسه صنعتی برای ارتقاء انرژی خورشیدی در منطقه و تقویت همکاری نزدیکتر تشکیل دادند.
کلمات کلیدی:
An empirical examination of the development of a solar innovation system in the United Arab Emirates Georgeta Vidican ⁎, Lisa McElvaney, Diana Samulewicz, Yasser Al-Saleh Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates article info abstract Article history: Received 2 July 2011 Revised 5 December 2011 Accepted 5 December 2011 Available online xxxx Keywords: Systems of innovation Emergence of solar energy industries United Arab Emirates We apply the sectoral innovation systems (SIS) approach to analyze the emergence of a solar energy sector in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), a hydrocarbon-rich Middle Eastern nation with limited industrial and technological capabilities. Using qualitative research, we examine two research questions: (1) What is the current performance and functional patterns within the emerging solar system of innovation (SI), and (2) What are the main factors that have the potential to either sustain or potentially undermine the development of a SI in the country? Our analysis contributes to the literature in several ways. While earlier studies have focused on how the innovation process evolved in retrospect, our analysis of an emerging SI allows us to examine the current forces behind the creation of a new renewable energy industry. Our empirical examination of the UAE solar energy sector also reveals the prevalence of several blocking mechanisms, as well as a few factors that could facilitate the ‘catching-up’ process for the UAE solar SI, currently at its formative stage of development. These research findings may also be relevant to other Middle Eastern countries which seek a competitive position in the renewable arena but are currently in early stages of industry development. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), has recently embarked on the very ambitious path of developing a technology innovation hub in the area of sustainable energy, with a particular focus on solar technologies. This goal is part of Abu Dhabi's aspiration to both diversify its economy and move toward a more knowledgebased economy. Enabling this economic transformation and diversifi- cation calls for a focus on creating an environment conducive to innovation and entrepreneurship in the field of sustainable energy. While the oil and gas industry previously supported the fast growth of the UAE, concerns about future supply levels (i.e. Peak Oil) have demonstrated the importance of economic diversification for future regional development (Bradford, 2006; UNDP, 2003). In addition, several recent reports have highlighted that the Arabian Gulf countries in general – and the UAE in particular – have the highest levels of per capita CO2 emissions and water use in the world (UNDP, 2009; WWF, 2008). The combination of high energy demand, a desire to reduce CO2 emissions, high solar insolation, and large uninhabited desert areas, make solar energy a potential niche for the diversification of energy generation. Focusing on solar energy as a strategic development will potentially strengthen the position of countries in the Arabian Gulf with regard to their energy industry and at the same time address sustainability and climate change issues. In this paper, we apply the sectoral innovation system (SIS) framework to analyze the emergence of a solar energy industry in the UAE. Using qualitative research, we examine two main research questions: (1) What is the current performance and functional patterns within the emerging solar system of innovation (SI), and (2) What are the main factors that have the potential to either sustain or potentially undermine the development of a SI in the country? We argue that UAE, as a wealthy, yet developing, Middle Eastern economy (with respect to institutional, political and cultural aspects) will impose different challenges from the ones faced by developed western economies. This might, in turn, require either different institutions being put in place, or the altering of the internal functional dynamics of the SI to facilitate the process of ‘catching-up’. For instance, in the United States of America and in Germany collaboration across and within different organizations (such as government, academia and the private sector) has been critical for setting the development approach of the solar industry (Colatat et al., 2009). However, the collaborative model is not very common in the UAE and the wider hydrocarbon-rich Arabian Gulf region, and deference to centralized authority prevails (IKED, 2009).
