عنوان مقاله
برآورد شاخص مکانیزه کردن کشاورزی و تاثیر آن بر روی تولید و عوامل اقتصادی
فهرست مطالب
چکیده
مقدمه
بازبینی ارزیابی مکانیزه کردن
مواد و روش ها
نتایج و بحث
نتیجه گیری
بخشی از مقاله
تاثیر منابع اصلی بر روی بازده محصولات غذایی
بازده محصولات غذایی از ایالتی تا ایالت دیگر، و همچنین در داخل ایالت بعلت تغییرات کشاورزی-آب و هوایی، تنوع تکنولوژیکی و اختلافات اجتماعی-اقتصادی متغیر است.
عوامل اصلی که نیازمند سرمایه گذاری بیشتری هستند، یعنی به اختصار، کود شیمیایی، آبیاری و نیروی مزرعه، انتخاب شدند تا تاثیر آنها را بر روی بازده محصول از طریق برگشت های خطی چندگانه ارزیابی کنند.
گرایش به استفاده از نیروی مزرعه و تاثیر آن بر روی بازده حبوبات
سینگ و دی و آلام و سینگ، این موضوع را تحلیل کردند که وقتی کشاورزان از کشاورزی سنتی به کشاورزی علمی تغییر پیدا کردند و سرعت چیدن محصولات را افزایش دادند، استفاده از تراکتور، ماشین، و موتورهای الکتریکی همراه با تجهیزات مربوطه افزایش پیدا کرده است.
کلمات کلیدی:
Estimation of a Mechanisation Index and Its Impact on Production and Economic Factors—a Case Study in India Gyanendra Singh Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya University, Chitrakoot, District Satna, Madhya Pradesh 485 331, India; e-mail: drgsingh@rediffmail.com (Received 3 August 2004; accepted in revised form 11 August 2005; published online 28 October 2005) The major factors that require higher capital investment, viz. fertiliser, irrigation and farm power were selected to assess their impact on yield through multiple linear regressions. The standardised regression coefficient has revealed that irrigation (42%) and farm power (32%) significantly contributed in increasing the yield. Both these inputs use mechanical and electrical energy extensively as a part of mechanisation. An index has been suggested based on the ratio of the cost of use of machinery to the total animate and machinery cost for the estimation of the mechanisation. State-level crop-wise secondary data have been adopted from the cost of cultivation of principal crops in India for the assessment of the mechanisation index, and to study its impact on the yield, cost of cultivation and deployment of human and animal power. The analysis has revealed that the human labour cost is still the largest component in the cost of cultivation in the wheat crop, which is the most highly mechanised crop in India. The analysis has further revealed that, although 785% farm power was contributed by the mechanical sources, the mechanisation index based on cost of use of machinery was 145%. In other words, the share of cost of the human and animal energy in the total operational cost was 855%. The crop-wise mechanisation index varied from a lowest value of 822% in sorghum and paddy to a highest value of 30% in wheat. The analysis also revealed that the states having higher mechanisation indices incurred a lower cost of cultivation of the wheat crop on quintal basis due to increased yield. As the level of mechanisation increased, the draught animal use significantly reduced annually by 62%, but use of human labour reduced by 018% only, from 1971–72 to 1996–97. r 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Silsoe Research Institute 1. Introduction Mechanisation technologies keep changing with industrial growth of the country, and socio-economic advancement of the farmer. Whereas declining interest in agriculture of the landowners and non-availability of the agricultural labour for field operations may be one of the major socio-economic issues in highly industrialised nations, increasing land and labour productivity with dignity are the mechanisation requirements of the developing countries. Mechanisation technology is, therefore, location-specific and dynamic. The quality of inputs of mechanisation, and consequently land and labour productivity in both situations, may differ considerably (Gifford & Rijk, 1980; Singh 1997, 2000; Singh & Chandra, 2002). Mechanisation planning requires the quantitative assessment of a mechanisation index, and its impact on agricultural production (yield) and economic factors (cost of cultivation, deployment of animate and mechanical power, and economic advantage). The index should incorporate the relevance and economic utility of using equipment with animate and electro-mechanical power for different farm operations in different crops. Various methods of measurement of mechanisation have been used in different countries (Rijk, 1989). Some of the methods are elaborate and take into consideration production factors. An attempt has been made in this paper to perform quantitative assessments of: (i) supplementation of animate power with electricalmechanical power; (ii) estimation of a mechanisation index based on economic factors; and (iii) impact of ARTICLE IN PRESS 1537-5110/$32.00 99 r 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Silsoe Research Institute
