عنوان مقاله
رابطه توسعه پایدار با جمعیت و فقر
فهرست مطالب
مقدمه
آیا باروری بالا بر روی کشورهای کم درآمد از لحاظ رشد اقتصادی و کاهش فقر تاثیر میگذارد؟ و مباحثات مربوط به آن
آیا رشد جمعیت، فشار بر منابع طبیعی را بیشتر میکند؟
مفاهیم برای Sub-Saharan در آفریقا
آیا برنامه های تنظیم خانواده به کم کردن باروری کمک میکند؟
نتیجه گیری
بخشی از مقاله
بوسراپ (1965) میگوید که رشد جمعیت بسوی تحریک کردن ابتکارات کشاورزی تمایل دارد و به تشدید کشاورزی منتهی می گردد، و اجازه تولید بیشتر در واحد هر قطعه زمین برای تامین غذا برای جمعیت بیشتر را میدهد. این فرآیند تشدید کشاورزی بطور گسترده ای مشاهده گشته است، اما موضوع معلوم نیست که این مصرف افزایش یافته در واحد هر نفر قبل از انقلاب صنعتی تا چه اندازه سبب ظهور تکنولوژی های کشاورزی جدید شد. با اینحال همانطور که گالور و ویل (2000) خاطر نشان میسازند، مطالعات زیادی نشان میدهند که خروجی در واحد هر نفر برای چند هزاره تقریبا جلوتر از انقلاب صنعتی بود.
کلمات کلیدی:
Population, Poverty, and Sustainable Development A Review of the Evidence Monica Das Gupta John Bongaarts John Cleland The World Bank Development Research Group Human Development and Public Services Team June 2011 WPS5719 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Produced by the Research Support Team Abstract The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. Policy Research Working Paper 5719 There is a very large but scattered literature debating the economic implications of high fertility. This paper reviews the literature on three themes: (a) Does high fertility affect low-income countries’ prospects for economic growth and poverty reduction? (b) Does population growth exacerbate pressure on natural resources? and (c) Are family planning programs effective at lowering fertility, and should they be publicly funded? The literature shows broad consensus that while policy and institutional settings are key in shaping the prospects of economic growth and poverty reduction, the rate of population growth also matters. Recent studies find that low dependency ratios (as fertility declines) create an opportunity for increasing productivity, savings and investment in future growth. They find that lower fertility is associated with better child health and schooling, and This paper is a product of the Human Development and Public Services Team, Development Research Group. It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to development policy discussions around the world. Policy Research Working Papers are also posted on the Web at http://econ.worldbank.org. The author may be contacted at mdasgupta@worldbank.org, or mdasgupta@gmail.com.
