عنوان مقاله
رابطه بین هزینه های روند، تخصیص مجدد منابع و بهره وری در کشورهای در حال توسعه
فهرست مطالب
چکیده
مقدمه
پیشینه
آنالیز تجربی
نتیجه گیری
بخشی از مقاله
در مدل Melitz، افزایش تقاضای نیروی کار به خاطر رشد و توسعه شرکت هایی با بهره وری بیشتر از طریق توسعه و ورودی های جدید، دستمزد واقعی در صنعت ایجاد کرده و به شرکت هایی با حداقل سطح بهره وری فشار می آورد تا از صحنه خارج شوند. در مدل Bernard ، دلیل خروج آن است که هزینه های تجاری کمتر بدان معناست که شرکت ها با رقابت بیشتری از سوی شرکت های خارجی روبرو می شوند که به طور میانگین از بهره وری بیشتری نسبت به شرکت های داخلی برخوردار می باشند.
کلمات کلیدی:
Trade costs, resource reallocation and productivity in developing countries Juan Blyde∗ Gonzalo Iberti Inter-American Development Bank Inter-American Development Bank February, 2010 ABSTRACT An increasing body of evidence indicates that an important share of aggregate productivity growth, in both developed and developing countries, arises from the reallocation of resources across plants of different productivity levels. New trade models with heterogeneous firms (Bernard et al., 2003; Melitz, 2003) suggest that international trade plays an important role in this reallocative process. Focusing on a developing country, Chile, we use explicit measures of trade costs to explore the existence of the channels suggested by these new trade models. We provide new key findings for developing countries: first, trade costs affect the reallocative process by protecting inefficient producers, lowering their likelihood to exit, and also by limiting the expansion of efficient plants, lowering their likelihood to export. Second, the reallocative impacts of trade arise not only from tariff barriers but also from transport costs. JEL No. F13, F14, L1 Key word: Trade costs, productivity, resource reallocation I. Introduction A great deal of research has been devoted to analyze the effects of international trade on aggregate productivity. At the micro level, a rich literature has evolved to investigate the links between trade and productivity using firm level data. A general finding from this line of research is that firms that engage in international competition tend to be more productive; however, whether trade fosters productivity or more productive firms are able to trade more, has been the subject of much debate (see e.g. Aw, Chung, and Roberts, 2000; Bernard and Jensen., 1999; Bernard and Jensen, 2004; Clerides, Lach, and Tybout, 1998; Harrison, 1994; Pavcnik, 2002: Alvarez and Lopez, 2005; and Fernandes, 2007).
