عنوان مقاله
بهینه سازی سیستم آبیاری در باغهای پسته زمینهای خشک
فهرست مطالب
چکیده
مقدمه
مواد و روش ها
نتایج
نتیجه گیری
بخشی از مقاله
تهیه و آماده سازی پلات های تحقیق
دو پلات هر یک حاوی 39 درخت پسته و مساحت حدود 720 متر مربع در یک باغ نزدیک رفسنجان انتخاب و از یکدیگر و همچنین از دیگر بخشهای باغ جدا شدند. درختان در هر دو پلات از لحاظ سن، تاج پوششی، و قطر ساقه و همچنین ظاهر خارجی شبیه به هم بودند. سپس یکی از پلات ها برای آبیاری سطحی در منطقه معمول بود ، و دیگری برای آبیاری زیرسطحی آماده گردید.
برای این پلات، دو ردیف لوله سوزنی P.V.C پوشیده شده با روکش پلاستیکی در دو طرف ردیف درخت با فاصله حدود 1.5-2m از آن و درطول کامل ردیف درخت به عمق 50 سانتی متر قرار داده شد.
کلمات کلیدی:
Optimisation of irrigation system in arid land pistachio orchards M.T. Dastorania* , M. Heshmati b, M. A. Sadeghzadehc a Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Yazd, Iran b Faculty of Agricultural Sc., University of Rafsanjan, Iran c Faculty of Sciences, University of Yazd, Iran Received 20 November 2005; received in revised form 23 July 2007; accepted 14 August 2007 Abstract This research was designed to evaluate and compare the applicability of two different types of irrigation including traditionally (surface irrigation) and simple sub-surface drip irrigation (using pricked-pipe covered with plastic cloth). Two plots containing 39 pistachio trees with 720 m 2 area were selected in Rafsanjan, Iran. Both plots were irrigated using exactly the same quantity and quality of water for 2 years. At the end of the second year the yield was harvested separately and compared. The weight of fresh and dried crops in sub-surface irrigation plot to those of surface irrigation plot were 1.895 and 2 respectively. Annual shoot growth of tree was measured in two plats. The value of Plot Growth Index (PGI) in surface irrigation plot and sub-surface irrigation plot calculated 2237.5cm and 4580.5cm respectively. In addition, the dried weight of weeds in surface irrigation plot was 82kg while it was only 21 kg in sub- surface irrigation plot. Results show the considerable difference in two irrigation systems efficiences and relatively higher preference of sub-surface system than traditionally surface method. Finally, due to sever shortage of agricultural water in the studied area, it has been advised to optimize traditionally used irrigation systems toward new methods with minimum water loss such as evaluated subsurface method. Keywords: Pistachio orchards; Irrigation optimisation; Subsurface irrigation; Irrigation efficiency; Water use efficiency; Drylands water use; WUE. 1. Introduction* Considerable fart of water in regional common surface irrigation lost through channels and waterways from source (pump) to the orchards because of deep percolation and evaporation, which has not been considered here. Water is the natural resource on which human life, food security and the health of ecosystems depends to it. In the other word, water resources are one of the main essential natural resources for life as potable water, irrigation water and water for industrial uses. In dryland environments due to high temperature, windy weather, and low humidity there is a specific condition, where water * Corresponding author. Tel.: +98 351 8211670-79; fax: +98 351 8210312 E-mail address: mdastorani@yazduni.ac.ir shortage is the main limitation of development. Much of the available water for living people in dryland regions is found in large rivers that originate from higher elevation. Groundwater resources can be available to support development. However, the relatively limited recharge of groundwater resources depend largely on the amount, intensity, and duration of the rainfall as well as soil properties, the latter including infiltrations capacities and water- holding characteristics of the soil, which also influence the amount of surface runoff. However, dryland environments including studied area are of this research are characterized generally by inadequate and fluctuating rainfall. Rainfall variability and occurrence of prolonged periods of droughts are dry lands characteristics that must be considered in the planning and management of natural and agricultural resources. Rainf
