عنوان مقاله
راه اندازی آنلاین بهینه سیستم های μCHP مسکونی با استفاده از برنامه ریزی خطی
فهرست مطالب
چکیده
مقدمه
استراتژیهای عملیاتی مرسوم و متداول برای سیستم های μCHP
راه اندازی آنلاین سیستم هایμCHP با استفاده از برنامه ریزی خطی
نتایج و بحث
نتیجه گیری
بخشی از مقاله
ستراتژیهای عملیاتی مرسوم و متداول
برای سیستم های μCHP
یک استراتژی عملیاتی برای سیستم هایμCHP ، استراتژی برای فعال سازی، غیر فعال سازی یا بالابردن و پائین آوردن واحدμCHP میباشد. به عبارت دیگر، یک استراتژی عملیاتی راهی برای راه اندازی واحدμCHP و مدیریت جریان انرژی حرارتی و الکتریکی به/ از سیستم می باشد. هدف استراتژی عملیاتی، نیل به اهداف خاصی است که برای مالک خانه مفید و سودمند می باشند.
استراتژی بر مبنای گرما
این استراتژی عملیاتی براساس تامین تقاضاها و نیازهای حرارتی با راه اندازی واحدμCHP عمل کرده و سپس با گرمکن کمکی ، هر کمبودی را تامین می کند. این استراتژی عملیاتی مهمترین استراتژی برای راه اندازی واحدهایμCHP به ویژه SE می باشد که در بازار موجود است، اما، در هنگام استفاده از استراتژی عملیاتی مبتنی بر گرما، مقدار قابل توجهی برق در طول دوره های نیازهای (تقاضا) گرمایی بالا و برق پائین صادر می شود.
کلمات کلیدی:
Optimal online operation of residential CHP systems using linear programming O.A. Shaneb∗, P.C. Taylor, G. Coates School of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 27 June 2011 Received in revised form 26 September 2011 Accepted 3 October 2011 Keywords: Operation strategy Micro CHP Proton exchange fuel cells Optimisation of energy systems Residential energy systems Efficient energy systems Linear programming Low emission energy systems a b s t r a c t Environmental pressures have resulted in an increased importance being placed on the efficient production and consumption of energy. Micro combined heat and power (CHP) technology has the potential to make an important contribution to make the transition to more sustainable energy systems since it is a highly efficient technology for generating both electricity and heat from a single fuel source. The conventional operation strategies for these technologies are pre-determined and either heat-led or electricity-led. This paper presents an optimal online operation strategy for CHP systems, which is more efficient than the aforementioned conventional pre-determined operation strategies. A generic optimal online linear programming (LP) optimiser has been developed for operating a CHP system. It is generic since it is applicable for any CHP technology or demand profile. This optimiser is capable of minimising the daily operation costs of such a system. Three different simulation scenarios have been investigated: the new feed-in tariff (FIT) scheme; the trade of electricity; the introduction of a carbon tax. In all three investigated scenarios, the results show that the optimiser significantly reduces operation costs when compared to the conventional pre-determined operation strategies. As such, it is suggested that the optimiser has the potential to deliver significant energy savings in practice. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction International drives towards increased energy efficiency have led to increased interests in CHP technologies since they have the potential to deliver both electricity and heat from a single fuel source in a highly efficient manner. Many companies are developing this technology for residential applications based on either an internal combustion engine (ICE), a Stirling engine (SE) or a fuel cell (FC) [1]. For instance, Ceres Power is developing a 1.0kWe solid oxide fuel cell that is expected to be ready for mass production by the middle of 2011 [2]. Recent research conducted by the authors [3] has shown that relying on a single strategy for the operation of a CHP system is not always the optimum choice whereas a hybrid strategy could achieve improved performance, which could save approximately D150 per year. Furthermore, it is well known that both residential electricity and heat demands fluctuate daily and seasonally, which makes the use of a pre-determined operation strategy less beneficial due to not being responsive to such dynamic fluctuations. For example, using an electricity-led strategy could lead to a waste of heat when there is little heat demand and the thermal ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 7883212545; fax: +44 191 334 2408. E-mail addresses: o.a.shaneb@durham.ac.uk, omar shaneb@yahoo.com (O.A. Shaneb), p.c.taylor@durham.ac.uk (P.C. Taylor), graham.coates@durham.ac.uk (G. Coates). storage device is fully charged. Instead, using an appropriate optimal online operation strategy, which aims for the most efficient operation of the CHP system, is expected to outperform conventional operation strategies [1]. As a result, this study is concerned with developing an effective tool for optimal operation of residential CHP systems. LP techniques are principally used for determining the best allocation of limited resources either by maximising the profits or minimising the costs [4]. These techniques, which have the advantage of rapid calculation even with large problems containing a significant number of variables and constraints, are widely used for solving decision making problems. Conversely, in non-linear programming, the significant number of variables makes solving the problem more difficult and time consuming [5,6]. LP has been used for the optimisation of energy systems with different purposes and applications as summarised in Table 1. Previous research has not developed a generic online LP optimiser for residential CHP systems that accounts for a back-up heater and thermal storage device. In addition, the influence of some emerging energy policies, such as FIT and carbon tax, has not yet been considered. In this paper, a generic optimal online LP model for the operation of a CHP system, which is named ‘optimiser’, is presented and has been developed, using the Matlab [13]. It has been formulated in a generic form to allow its use for any CHP system and any demand profile. Importantly, in contrast to earlier work related to single run optimisation to determine the size of CHP systems [4], this optimiser operates continuously online 0378-7788/$
