عنوان مقاله
مدل یکپارچگی بازار رقابتی برای تولید پراکنده
فهرست مطالب
مقدمه
تجربه شیلی
مدل یکپارچگی بازار پیشنهاد شده
مثال کاربردی
نتیجه گیری
بخشی از مقاله
تجربه شیلی
طراحی بازار قدرت شیلی بر اساس سرمایه اجباری با هزینه های حسابرسی شده و قراردادهای دوجانبه مالی می باشد. بازار نقد یا روز عمده فروش فقط برای تولید کنندگانی باز می شود که انرژی را با قیمت های نقد ساعتی و ظرفیت سالانه با قیمت برق مبادله می کنند. این کارها بر اساس محاسبه تراز برای هر عرضه کننده انجام می شود که از اقلام تحویل داده شدنی تهیه کننده و تزریق ها تشکیل می شود.
کلمات کلیدی:
A Competitive Market Integration Model for Distributed Generation Guillermo A. Jiménez-Estévez, Student Member, IEEE, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke, Senior Member, IEEE, Rigoberto Torres-Avila, Student Member, IEEE, and Luis S. Vargas, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract—High penetration of distributed generation (DG) resources is increasingly observed worldwide. The evolution of this process in each country highly depends on the cost of traditional technologies, market design, and promotion programs and subsidies. Nevertheless, as this trend accelerates, higher levels of penetration will be achieved and, in turn, a competitive market integration of DG will be needed for an adequate development of the power sector. This paper proposes a competitive market integration mechanism for DG in a pool-based system. The mechanism encompasses both energy and capacity payment procedures in the wholesale market with DG units located at the distribution level. The proposed model is validated for the current Chilean regulation framework and extended to more general market structures. The model can be considered a novel development on the design of competitive markets for DG resources, which are still dominated by subsidies/compensation schemes. Index Terms—Capacity payments, distributed generation (DG), energy, market design, pool market. I. INTRODUCTION DISTRIBUTED GENERATION (DG) can be defined as the integrated use of small generation units directly connected to a distribution system or inside the facilities of a customer [1]. There is growing participation of these technologies in the distribution and subtransmission systems, increasing their contribution to the energy mix of power systems. It is expected that the DG share of worldwide annual capacity additions would be 40% by 2008 [2]. The installed wind power capacity in 2005 reached 59.1 GW at the global level, with 18.4 GW in Germany, 10 GW in Spain, and 9.1 GW in the USA [3]. The evolution of this process in each country highly depends on the cost of traditional technologies (diesel engines, coal fired, combined cycle, hydraulic, and nuclear power plants) and market design concepts (pool, power exchange or physical bilateral-based systems). A key aspect explaining this fast evolution is the development of promotion programs, subsidies, and compensation mechanisms. The driving forces behind these initiatives are the improvement of power supply reliability, environmental concerns, and options for new technology development industries focused on renewable energy [4]–[6]. Manuscript received December 14, 2006; revised July 27, 2007. This work was supported in part by the Fondecyt Grant 1050346, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas of Universidad de Chile, and in part by the Millenium Institute of Complex Engineering Systems. Paper no. TPWRS-00880-2006. The authors are with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Chile, 8370451 Santiago, Chile (e-mail: gjimenez@ing.uchile.cl). Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TPWRS.2007.908387 Fig. 1 illustrates a general competitive electricity market framework. Power producers (PP), traders (Td), and free customers (C) are agents of the wholesale market, which can be arranged in a bilateral or a pool-based scheme [7]. The wholesale market involves power and energy exchanges at the transmission level with competitive nonregulated prices. On the other hand, at the distribution level, there are several regional retail markets. Traders are able to offer energy contracts to final retail customers (RC) [8]. In both wholesale and retail markets, costs related to network infrastructure and operation are regulated via transmission and distribution pricing schemes. In the case of distribution systems, point purchase tariffs are used, which are based on average prices or postage stamp procedures [9].
