عنوان فارسی مقاله: مدل رله حفاظت برای شبیه سازی ثبات گذرا
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
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Issues with Unintentional Islanding
Personnel Safety – Unintentional islands can cause hazards for utility workers if they assume downed lines are not energized during restoration
Overvoltages – Transient overvoltages due to rapid loss of load are possible. If an adequate ground source is not present in the island, a ground fault can result in voltages that exceed 173% on the unfaulted phases.
Reconnection out of phase – This can result in large transient torques applied to motors connected to the islanded area EPS and their mechanical systems (e.g., shafts, blowers, and pumps), which could result in damage or failure.
Power Quality – Unplanned island area EPS may not have suitable power quality for loads
Protection – Unintentional islands may not provide sufficient fault current to operate fuses or overcurrent relay protection devices inside island
کلمات کلیدی:
بخشی از مقاله
Profit of an infra-marginal producer
Selling at marginal cost covers the variable cost of production
The difference between the market price and the marginal cost must pay for the fixed costs:
No-load cost, startup cost
Cost of building the plant
Interest payments for the bank, dividends for the shareholders
A plant must therefore be infra-marginal often enough to cover its fixed costs
Market price > marginal cost for enough hours of the year
دانلود رایگان مقاله پاورپوینت انگلیسی Participating in Electricity Markets
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